What is Single and Three phase ?

           

Have you ever thought the three-phase system is very much problem in the electrical system?

                   

Lets talk about it and we are going to have a look in detail what is single-phase and three-phase electricity system and after that, we are going for the difference and similarities between both the system.  Read the whole blog you will get healthy information.

Although it is a very basic topic but  we have to clear our basic so that we can study more detail in the electricity system and we can not get confused. 

The power supply system is mainly categorised into two types that are single-phase and three-phase system.

Single-phase system is used where less power is required for running the small load and three-phase system used in the industries factories and various manufacturing units where the huge amount of power and load is required to functioning all the types of equipment.

One of the major  difference between both the system  is that in single-phase system one conductor and one metal wire is present whereas in the three-phase system 3- conductor and one neutral wire is present.

 Some other difference we are going to discuss as below.

What is single-phase AC system?

In single-phase system we have to use only two wires one is for phase and one for neutral for completing the electric circuit  and it has the single-phase voltage supply value of 230 volts for the low or normal load it is the standard. this is very much used for  domestic load like our houses etc.

            

As we know that the single-phase system work on 50-hertz frequency so in one complete cycle the waveform go 0 of 180 degrees and another half of negative value of the same maximum to complete 360 degrees. 

What is the three-phase AC system ?

The interface is a system we have four three-phase and one neutral.

They are separated by the equal magnitude and having a phase difference of 120 degrees between each other.

Where is the waveform of the three-phase system shown below and in this way from all the three-phase is shown in a different colour with a phase difference of 120 degrees.

                              

3 phase supply is continuous never completely drops to 0  that is Major advantage of the system. Three-phase system power can be drawn into star or Delta configuration. we are going to discuss these systems by the three-phase system is followed these two configurations.

As per the requirement and the need we can use either star or delta connection because both the connection have some advantage and disadvantage. 

But as for the information that Star connection is basically used for the long-distance transmission system because it has a neutral for the fault current. Below is a picture showing the star connection.                                                  

                                   

 The Delta Connection consists of 3 phase wire and no neutral in the picture below you can we will understand.

  
                        
  

No, we are going to discuss wallet difference between single-phase and three-phase 

 

1.   Working of the system

        3 phase system is easier than the single-phase system, especially in the alternator.

2.   Transmission of the power supply

Transmission of 3 phase electricity system is very easy as compared to the single-phase system and to be very clear for you single-phase system is not transmitted for the longest distance. Transmission of the single-phase system is only using from your locality Transformer to your house.

                                   

 

 

3.           The output value of the system

Single-phase supply gives an output of 230 volts where the three-phase supply gives the output voltage up to 415 volts.

                                  

 

4.           The requirement of the system

Single-phase system is easy and requires only two conductors but feature system is complicated and it consists of four wires.

5.           Size of the Motors for various device

To compare the Motors of both the system then you will find that the size of the three-phase machine is smaller than the single face machine this is one of the major advantages of the three-phase system.

 

6.             Life of the system

In single-phase, a system in the one phase wire or any fault occurs in the power supply is completely paid but in the three-phase system, if any of the phases is in fault condition Then other two-phase will continue continuously supply the power.

7.           The efficiency of the system

The efficiency of the single-phase system is less as compared to the three-phase system because the three-phase system requires less conductor as compared to the single-phase supply system for the same equivalent circuit.

 

8.           Maintenance

Single-phase supply required more maintenance and costly as compared to the three-phase system.

9.           Usage application

Single-phase supply mostly used in our house and for running the smaller loads   and three-phase supply is used in large industry and running for the heavy loads.

 

10.        Rectification system

For the system 3 phase AC is more than the single-phase system because three-phase voltage supply is easy to filter out the ripple components present in the supply where it is very complex and tough to remove the repulsion the single-phase system.